Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Correspondence: classale imim. Clinical data on the direct health effects of energy deficit or surplus beyond its impact on body weight are scarce. TEE was calculated as a function of age, sex, height, body weight and physical ac-tivity. The main exposure was the proportion of energy requirement covered by energy intake, cumulative throughout the follow-up.
The secondary exposure was the change in energy intake from baseline. Over a median follow-up of 4. However, consum-ing energy below estimated needs was not associated with a lower risk.
However, there was no evidence that a substantial negative change in energy intake would reduce mortality risk. To conclude, in an older Mediterranean cohort, energy surplus or increase over a 5-year period was associated with greater risk of mortality, particularly cardiovascular mortality.
Energy deficit, or reduction in energy intake over time were not associated with mortal-ity risk. Energy balance is thought to be a key element of health.
Obesity, likely a result of energy excess, has been consistently associated with a greater risk of mortality [ 1 ] and the development of cardiometabolic diseases [ 2 ] and certain cancers [ 3 ].
